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American Airlines Flight 1420 was a flight from Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport to Little Rock National Airport in the USA. On June 1, 1999, the McDonnell Douglas MD-82 (registration ) operating for Flight 1420 overran the runway upon landing in Little Rock and crashed. 11 of the 145 people aboard, the captain and ten passengers, were killed in the crash. ==The crash== The pilots of Flight 1420 were Captain Richard Buschmann, 48, and First Officer Michael Origel, 35.〔http://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR0102.pdf〕 Captain Buschmann was a very experienced chief pilot for American Airlines with 10,234 total flight hours, of which approximately half were accumulated flying the MD-80. First Officer Origel had been with the airline for less than a year. He had 4,292 hours of flying experience.〔 According to the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) accident report, they learned that the winds were changing direction and that a wind shear alert had sounded in the aircraft due to a thunderstorm nearby. Air traffic control originally told them to expect Runway 22L for landing, but after the wind direction changed rapidly, Captain Buschmann requested a change to Runway 4R. As the aircraft approached Runway 4R, a severe thunderstorm arrived over the airport. The controller's last report, prior to the landing, stated that the winds were 330 degrees at 28 knots. That exceeded the MD-82's crosswind limit for landing in reduced visibility on a wet runway. With that information, plus two wind shear reports, the approach should have been abandoned at that point, but Captain Buschmann decided to continue his approach to Runway 4R. During their rush to land as soon as possible, both pilots became overloaded with multiple necessary tasks. That led to errors and omissions, which proved to be the final links in the accident chain. Consequently they failed to arm the automatic ground spoiler system. The pilots also failed to arm the auto braking system. Both automatic deployment of the ground spoilers and automatic engagement of the brakes are essential to ensure the plane's ability to stop within the confines of a wet runway, especially one that is being subjected to strong and gusting winds. After landing, First Officer Origel stated, "We're down. We're sliding." This was followed by the captain saying "Oh No!" Neither pilot observed that the spoilers did not deploy, so there was no attempt to activate them manually. The result was almost no braking at all, since only about 15 percent of the airplane's weight was supported by the main landing gear.〔 Directional control was lost when Captain Buschmann applied too much reverse thrust, in contradiction to the limits stated in the flight manual. The aircraft skidded off the far end of the runway at high speed, slammed into a steel walkway attached to the landing lights for runway 22L and finally came to a stop on the banks of the Arkansas River.
Such structures are usually frangible - i.e. designed to shear off on impact - but because the approach lights were located on the unstable river bank, they were firmly anchored and the impact destroyed the aircraft, which broke into three pieces and caught fire. Captain Buschmann was killed instantly when the cockpit impacted the steel walkway, while first officer Origel received serious injuries. Ten of the 139 passengers also died.〔National Transportation Safety Board (2001). ("Aircraft Accident Report: Runway Overrun During Landing; American Airlines Flight 1420; McDonnell Douglas MD-82, N215AA; Little Rock, Arkansas; 1 June 1999". ) Retrieved 23 December 2005.〕 Fourteen-year-old Rachel Fuller, a passenger who sustained severe burns, died two weeks later on June 16, following the amputation of her leg.〔http://www2.arkansasonline.com/news/2001/apr/11/flight-1420-plaintiff-sobbingly-testifies-about-he/〕 Of the cabin crew:〔 * 3 received serious injuries * 1 received minor injuries Of the surviving passengers:〔 * 41 received serious injuries * 64 received minor injuries * 24 were uninjured After the accident American Airlines revised its checklist so that pilots would confirm that the spoilers are armed.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「American Airlines Flight 1420」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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